Considering clinical utility for all ages but especially children is warranted since their physical growth and development impacts drug absorption, transportation, and excretion.  However, the American Academy of Pediatrics states, "When performed for therapeutic purposes, pharmacogenetic testing of children is acceptable, with permission of parents or guardians and, when appropriate, the child’s assent."   Although most visits to the Emergency Department for adverse drug reactions in children are primarily due to overdoses (45%),13% were due to adverse effects of drugs (see linked article). Because children and adolescents may have greater risk of ADR from psychotropic medications as compared to adults, PGx testing can be beneficial to start the patient on the right drug at the right dose with the right frequency in order to avoid an ADR.  PGx testing in children and adolescents is beneficial not only when an adverse drug reaction has occurred but prior to the initiation of anxiolytics, antidepressants, and stimulants in order to prescribe the right and effective dose the first time - avoiding the often wasteful and potentially harmful titration period. Avoidance of an ADR is always beneficial regardless of a patient's age. PGx not only can pinpoint the culprit medication of an ADR but which medications have potential to cause an ADR in the future.  PGx guides the medical practitioner to initiate the right drug, at the right dose for a therapeutic effect the first time. As a result PGx truly allows healthcare providers to offer personalized medicine.